Ice Lenses: Formation and Hydrological Impacts

This lecture discusses the formation of ice lenses, their impermeability to water flow, and the redirection of water flow by ice lenses. It also covers the dual domain Richards approach for modeling water transport in snow, the role of snow in modulating runoff, and the fate of snowmelt. The lecture explores the impact of snow on runoff formation, the energy balance terms in rain-on-snow events, excess runoff from prolonged rain, and the hydrological flow paths of snowmelt. Additionally, it examines the snowmelt hydrograph, liquid water transmission through snow, streamflow hydrograph simulation, and the interaction between snowmelt and frozen ground.