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This lecture covers the principles of distributed transactions, including single-node vs. distributed transactions, transaction coordination, distributed concurrency control, and distributed recovery. It explains the challenges of managing locks, detecting deadlocks, and ensuring ACID properties in a distributed database management system. The Two-Phase Commit protocol is detailed, along with its principles of operation, handling failures, and scenarios of presumed abort and commit. The lecture also discusses the impact of coordinator failures on subordinates and the blocking issues that may arise in the context of distributed transactions.