Einstein's Principles of Relativity

This lecture explores Einstein's modification of Galileo's relativity principles, introducing the fundamental principles of spacetime, light propagation, and inertial observers. It delves into the simplified 1+1 dimensions scenario, analyzing events parametrization, light signals, and observer transformations. The mathematical analysis of light rays passing through events is presented, along with the determination of event coordinates for different inertial observers. The lecture concludes with the identification of events with null temporal coordinates and their representation in the spacetime diagram.