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This lecture covers the principles of work factor and compromise recording in computer security. The work factor principle emphasizes evaluating the cost of circumventing a security mechanism compared to the adversary's resources. On the other hand, compromise recording involves keeping tamper-evident logs to track security breaches and aid in recovery. The instructor explains the challenges of quantifying the work factor and the importance of understanding the cost of attacks. Additionally, the lecture delves into the implications of compromise recording, highlighting the need for maintaining log integrity and the potential vulnerabilities logs may pose. The principles discussed serve as the foundation for modern security mechanisms and are crucial for ensuring system security and privacy, especially in the context of machine learning.