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This lecture covers the exceptions to the Aufbau principle in the periodic table, focusing on the electronic configurations of various elements. It discusses the electron configurations of ions, the stability of orbitals, and the relationship between atomic structure and chemical properties. The instructor explains the significance of the Aufbau principle in predicting the electronic configurations of atoms and ions, highlighting specific cases where the expected configurations differ. The lecture also delves into the historical development of the periodic table, the discovery of missing elements, and the principles governing atomic structure. Key concepts include ionization energy, electron affinity, and the classification of elements based on electronic configurations.