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This lecture covers the concept of saturation pressure, diagram pressure-volume for real gases, and the behavior of gases at different temperatures. It also delves into the characteristics of real gases, such as the transition to the liquid phase and the critical temperature. The discussion extends to the van der Waals equation, modifications to the ideal gas equation, and the impact of cohesive forces between molecules. The lecture concludes with a practical exercise on the van der Waals gas model, focusing on reduced coordinates and critical parameters.