Shot Noise and Detectors

This lecture covers the concepts of shot noise, Johnson noise, and detectors in the context of laser fundamentals and applications. It explains how detectors integrate signals over time, the Wiener-Khintchine theorem, and the relative intensity noise of lasers. The lecture also delves into the photoelectric effect, photomultiplier tubes, and photodiodes, discussing their responsivity and quantum efficiency. Additionally, it explores topics such as signal-to-noise ratio, noise equivalent power, and the minimum detectable optical power. Practical examples and theoretical analyses are provided to illustrate these concepts.