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This lecture covers the detection of endogenous and exogenous metabolites using CMOS technology, focusing on the challenges and strategies for achieving selectivity and sensitivity. Topics include the role of enzymes as probes, atypical enzymatic reactions, and the detection of multiple drugs through cyclic voltammetry. The instructor discusses the use of carbon nanotubes to enhance detection sensitivity and the design of in-chip ramp voltage generation circuits. The lecture also explores the impact of pH on Faradaic currents and the design of voltage-to-current conversion circuits for biosensing applications.