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This lecture covers the comparison between neutrons and X-rays in diffraction analysis, highlighting the differences in energy levels, interaction mechanisms, and penetrating capabilities. Neutrons offer advantages such as isotopic sensitivity and deeper penetration, making them suitable for bulk probing in various sample environments. The slides discuss the principles of neutron scattering, including coherent scattering length and quasi-elastic scattering. Additionally, the lecture explains the disadvantages of neutrons, such as background interference with X-rays due to hydrogen presence.