Scientific Method: Critical Thinking in Science

This lecture introduces experimental methods like noise reduction, scanning probe microscopy, electron microscopy, and optical spectroscopy. It emphasizes the importance of critical thinking in evaluating experimental methods and scientific papers. The instructor discusses the scientific method, the pitfalls of scientific fraud, mistakes, illusions, and self-deceptions in science. Various examples are provided, such as the H. Schön scandal, falsification of data, and scientific hoaxes. The lecture also covers the significance of doubt in science, the Sokal affair, and the dangers of pseudo-science. It concludes with advice on how to approach science critically, design experiments, analyze data, and communicate scientific findings effectively.