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This lecture covers the scripting language of Bitcoin, focusing on smart contracts and the limitations of Bitcoin scripts. It then delves into Ethereum's gas system, explaining how it manages execution time and instruction count for smart contracts. The differences between Bitcoin and Ethereum in terms of scripting language and gas usage are highlighted, along with the challenges posed by infinite execution in Ethereum. The lecture concludes with a discussion on the common uses of Ethereum, such as virtual coins, ICOs, automated market makers, and trading on platforms like Uniswap.