Formation of Al back-surface field

This lecture covers the formation of Al back-surface field (BSF) in crystalline silicon solar cells, discussing the process of Al melting, Si dissolution, eutectic liquid formation, Si re-growth, and Al dopants. It explains the retrograde depth profile, Al doping concentration, and the function principle of Al BSF. The lecture also delves into the front contact between Ag paste and nt-region, the Ag contact mechanism through SiNx, and the electrical properties of insulating glass frit layers. It further explores the conductive AFM analysis on cross-sections of the contact, the model for contact formation, and the drawbacks of highly doped regions. The lecture concludes with a summary of modern PV technologies and the efficiency limitations in silicon solar cells.