This lecture by the instructor focuses on the transition of urban systems towards sustainability, addressing questions related to CO2 emissions, post-corona visions, and the implementation of innovations in energy systems. It delves into the material intensity of energy supply technologies, the demand for critical minerals in clean energy transitions, and the comparison between high and low carbon systems in material terms. The lecture also explores the role of minerals in electric cars, clean energy technologies, and the potential challenges in mineral availability for meeting climate goals.