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This lecture covers the definitions of geodetic references, including systems, frameworks, and datums, as well as the geocentric Cartesian coordinate system. It also delves into the application of GPS measurements, coordinate systems, and the challenges of GNSS in various contexts. The presentation discusses the basics of satellite tracking, geoid models, altitude systems, and ellipsoid geographies, emphasizing the importance of choosing the right coordinate system and understanding mathematical principles in geodesy. Additionally, it explores the architecture of satellite positioning systems, the quality analysis of GPS positions, and the principles of determining a GPS position.