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This lecture explores the impact of increased pCO2 on the CO2 budget, pH levels, and ecotoxicology in lakes. It covers processes affecting the CO2 budget, sources and sinks of CO2, human influences, and the equilibrium of atmospheric and lake CO2 levels. The lecture also delves into the ecological effects of CO2 on Daphnia, a water flea used in ecotoxicological studies, and the defense mechanisms triggered by predators. Additionally, it discusses the possible causes for the decrease in pH and increase in dissolved carbon, such as changes in water temperature, nutrient input, and atmospheric pCO2 levels. The presentation concludes with key take-home points on the complex CO2 budget in lakes and the ecological implications of increasing CO2 levels.