This lecture covers the concepts of arccos and arcsin functions, focusing on solving simple trigonometric equations. The instructor explains the geometric reasoning behind choosing specific intervals for these inverse functions, emphasizing the importance of understanding angles on the unit circle. Through detailed examples, the lecture demonstrates how to find solutions within given intervals by considering the symmetry and periodicity of trigonometric functions. The instructor also highlights the significance of visualizing solutions on the unit circle to avoid common pitfalls in solving trigonometric equations.