Cryptography: Tools and Techniques

This lecture covers the fundamentals of cryptography, including shared-algorithm, symmetric-key, and public-key cryptography, cryptographic hash functions, and key infrastructure. The instructor explains interactive key exchange protocols like Diffie-Hellman, elliptic curve cryptography, and the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA). The lecture also delves into secret sharing techniques and the importance of randomness in decentralized systems. Practical applications of cryptography, such as secure data transmission and digital signatures, are discussed in detail.