Quantum Simulation: Fundamentals and Applications

This lecture introduces the concept of quantum simulation, focusing on its importance in solving complex problems in quantum chemistry, material science, and physics. The instructor explains the challenges of classically simulating quantum systems and how quantum computers can provide a solution. Various examples, including non-interacting Hamiltonians and simple interaction Hamiltonians, are discussed. The lecture also covers the Trotter approximation for quantum simulation and the potential of near-term quantum computers in this field. Finally, the application of quantum simulation in inelastic neutron scattering and the development of variational approaches for dynamical quantum simulation are explored.