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This lecture covers the different types of optical filters used in microscopy, including intensity filters, neutral density filters, spectral filters, color filters, and interference filters. It explains the basic principles of fluorescence, properties of fluorescent dyes, and the importance of proper positioning of optical components in the microscope. The lecture also discusses the calibration and usage of neutral density filters, the role of spectral filters in isolating specific colors, and the operation of interference filters in selectively reinforcing or blocking specific wavelengths.