This lecture covers the synthesis of proteins, including the composition and structure of proteins, the genetic code, transcription, translation, and the expression of recombinant proteins. It explores the process of protein synthesis, the role of RNA polymerase, the genetic code, and the mechanisms of transcription and translation. The lecture also delves into the stability of DNA and RNA, the synthesis of DNA and RNA, and the expression of recombinant proteins using vectors and plasmids.