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This lecture delves into the challenges and strategies for mitigating CO2 emissions, focusing on the energy supply, economics, and transition. It covers the emergence of new resources, the impact of fossil fuels, the role of nuclear fission and fusion, and the potential of renewable energies. The discussion includes the importance of a modest CO2 tax, the cost implications of different energy sources, and the potential of technologies like carbon capture and storage. The lecture also explores the significance of global nuclear fission statistics, the levelized cost of electricity for nuclear plants, and the future prospects of nuclear fusion. Additionally, it addresses the impact of world population growth, the role of agriculture and meat production in GHG emissions, and the potential of tree planting and energy efficiency in combating climate change.