Capacitance and Dielectrics: Torque on Dipole Moments

This lecture covers the concepts of capacitance, capacitors, and electric energy storage. It also explains how insulators develop dipole moments in an electric field, introducing the modified Gauss's law with the displacement vector D. The alignment of a dipole in an electric field is discussed, focusing on the torque exerted on the dipole. The lecture concludes with the analysis of the electrostatic potential energy of a dipole and the electric field at its position.