Heapsort and Priority Queues

This lecture covers the Heapsort algorithm, which builds a max-heap from an array and sorts it in O(n log n) time. It explains how Heapsort works by repeatedly discarding the maximum element. The lecture also introduces priority queues, dynamic sets of elements with associated values, and operations like INSERT, HEAP-MAXIMUM, HEAP-EXTRACT-MAX, HEAP-INCREASE-KEY, and MAX-HEAP-INSERT. The instructor compares Heapsort to quicksort and highlights that while Heapsort is efficient, quicksort is usually faster in practice. Additionally, the lecture demonstrates how heaps can be used to efficiently implement priority queues.