This lecture introduces computer architecture by explaining the construction of basic components like flip-flops and logic gates, leading to the assembly of machines. A simplified machine calculating the Fibonacci sequence in binary is used to illustrate the concepts of binary addition and logic systems. The lecture then delves into building a universal machine with registers, an arithmetic and logic unit, and a bus for interconnection. The process of translating binary instructions into readable assembly language is discussed, along with the importance of programming languages like C for interacting with technical devices. The focus is on developing programs to interact with sensors and actuators using microcontrollers.