Gravity of EarthThe gravity of Earth, denoted by g, is the net acceleration that is imparted to objects due to the combined effect of gravitation (from mass distribution within Earth) and the centrifugal force (from the Earth's rotation). It is a vector quantity, whose direction coincides with a plumb bob and strength or magnitude is given by the norm . In SI units this acceleration is expressed in metres per second squared (in symbols, m/s2 or m·s−2) or equivalently in newtons per kilogram (N/kg or N·kg−1).
History of Lorentz transformationsThe history of Lorentz transformations comprises the development of linear transformations forming the Lorentz group or Poincaré group preserving the Lorentz interval and the Minkowski inner product . In mathematics, transformations equivalent to what was later known as Lorentz transformations in various dimensions were discussed in the 19th century in relation to the theory of quadratic forms, hyperbolic geometry, Möbius geometry, and sphere geometry, which is connected to the fact that the group of motions in hyperbolic space, the Möbius group or projective special linear group, and the Laguerre group are isomorphic to the Lorentz group.
Vitesse de libérationLa vitesse de libération, ou vitesse d'évasion ou d'échappement est, en physique, la vitesse minimale que doit atteindre un projectile pour échapper définitivement à l'attraction gravitationnelle d'un astre (planète, étoile, etc.) dépourvu d'atmosphère et s'en éloigner indéfiniment. Cette vitesse est d'autant plus importante que la masse de l'astre est importante et que l'objet est proche de son centre. Relative à l'astre, c'est une valeur scalaire (sa direction ne joue aucun rôle).
