Publication

Stress Impacts the Regulation Neuropeptides in the Rat Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex

Abstract

Adverse life experience increases the lifetime risk to several stress-related psychopathologies, such as anxiety or depressive–like symptom following stress in adulthood. However, the neurochemical modulations triggered by stress have not been fully characterized. Neuropeptides play an important role as signaling molecules that contribute to physiological regulation and have been linked to neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, little is known about the influence of stress on neuropeptide regulation in the brain. Here, we have performed an exploratory study of how neuropeptide expression at adulthood is modulated by experiencing a period of multiple stressful experiences. We have targeted hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) brain areas, which have previously been shown to be modulated by stressors, employing a targeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) based approach that permits broad peptide coverage with high sensitivity. We found that in the hippocampus, Met-enkephalin, Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe and Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu were up regulated, while Leu-enkephalin and Little SAAS were down regulated after stress. In the PFC area, Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu, peptide PHI-27, somatostatin-28 (AA1-12) and Little SAAS were all down regulated. This systematic evaluation of neuropeptide alterations in hippocampus and PFC suggests that stressor impact neuropeptides and that neuropeptide regulation is brain area specific. These findings suggest several potential peptide candidates, which warrant further investigations in terms of correlation with depression-associated behaviors.

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Related concepts (39)
Stress (biology)
Stress, either physiological, biological or psychological, is an organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition. Stress is the body's method of reacting to a condition such as a threat, challenge or physical and psychological barrier. There are two hormones that an individual produces during a stressful situation, well known as adrenaline and cortisol. There are two kinds of stress hormone levels. Resting (basal) cortisol levels are normal everyday quantities that are essential for standard functioning.
Adverse childhood experiences
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) include childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse and household dysfunction during childhood. The categories are verbal abuse, physical abuse, contact sexual abuse, a battered mother, household substance abuse, household mental illness, incarcerated household members, and parental separation or divorce. The experiences chosen were based upon prior research that has shown to them to have significant negative health or social implications, and for which substantial efforts are being made in the public and private sector to reduce their frequency of occurrence.
Brain
A brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. It is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision. It is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body. In a human, the cerebral cortex contains approximately 14–16 billion neurons, and the estimated number of neurons in the cerebellum is 55–70 billion. Each neuron is connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons.
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