Publication

All-glass miniature GHz repetition rate femtosecond laser cavity

Abstract

Free-space optics allows for design freedom and control, but miniaturization and manufacturability are limited. Here, we present a method for manufacturing complex miniaturized free-space optical systems that combines contactless femtosecond laser-activated alignment with femtosecond laser 3D manufacturing of a substrate incorporating optomechanical elements. Specifically, we demonstrate a palm-sized, all-glass GHz femtosecond laser cavity, whose alignment and lasing operation are permanently tuned in a contactless manner via laser–matter interaction using another femtosecond laser. The manufactured Yb:KYW oscillator shows self-starting mode-locking with a diffraction-limited beam and outputs a stable train of solitons with 182 fs pulse width at 1.0925 GHz repetition rate, for 725 mW incident pump power.

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Laser
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The word laser is an anacronym that originated as an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories, based on theoretical work by Charles H. Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow. A laser differs from other sources of light in that it emits light that is coherent.
Laser diode
A laser diode (LD, also injection laser diode or ILD, or diode laser) is a semiconductor device similar to a light-emitting diode in which a diode pumped directly with electrical current can create lasing conditions at the diode's junction. Driven by voltage, the doped p–n-transition allows for recombination of an electron with a hole. Due to the drop of the electron from a higher energy level to a lower one, radiation, in the form of an emitted photon is generated. This is spontaneous emission.
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Pulsed operation of lasers refers to any laser not classified as continuous wave, so that the optical power appears in pulses of some duration at some repetition rate. This encompasses a wide range of technologies addressing a number of different motivations. Some lasers are pulsed simply because they cannot be run in continuous mode. In other cases the application requires the production of pulses having as large an energy as possible.
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