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For decades, the mammalian hippocampus has been the focus of cellular, anatomical, behavioral, and computational studies aimed at understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying cognition. Long recognized as the brain's seat for learning and memory, a wealth of knowledge has been accumulated on how the hippocampus processes sensory input, builds complex associations between objects, events, and space, and stores this information in the form of memories to be retrieved later in life. However, despite major efforts, our understanding of hippocampal cognitive function remains fragmentary, and models trying to explain it are continually revisited. Here, we review the literature across all above-mentioned domains and offer a new perspective by bringing attention to the most distinctive, and generally neglected, feature of the mammalian hippocampal formation, namely, the structural separability of the two blades of the dentate gyrus into "supra-pyramidal" and "infra-pyramidal". Next, we discuss recent reports supporting differential effects of adult neurogenesis in the regulation of mature granule cell activity in these two blades. We propose a model for how differences in connectivity and adult neurogenesis in the two blades can potentially provide a substrate for subtly different cognitive functions. This review summarizes how compartmentalization and adult neurogenesis within the hippocampus cooperate in the processing of information to promote learning and memory.image
Henry Markram, Felix Schürmann, Eilif Benjamin Muller, Srikanth Ramaswamy, Michael Reimann, Werner Alfons Hilda Van Geit, James Gonzalo King, Marwan Muhammad Ahmed Abdellah, Lida Kanari, Pramod Shivaji Kumbhar, Alexis Arnaudon, Ying Shi, Jean-Denis Georges Emile Courcol, Armando Romani, András Ecker, Michael Emiel Gevaert, Michele Migliore, Cyrille Pierre Henri Favreau, Vishal Sood, Cristina Colangelo, Mohameth François Sy, Judit Planas Carbonell, Szabolcs Kali, Genrich Ivaska, Carmen Alina Lupascu, Elvis Boci, Alberto Antonietti, Fabien Petitjean, Julian Martin Budd, Elisabetta Giacalone, Davide Bella, Mustafa Kerem Kurban, Pranav Rai, Juan Bautista Hernando Vieites, Huanxiang Lu, Liesbeth Maria L Vanherpe, Joni Henrikki Herttuainen, Rosanna Migliore, Anna-Kristin Kaufmann, Juan Luis Riquelme Roman, Sàra Sàray, Audrey Mercer, Thomas Brice Delemontex, Nadir Roman Guerrero