Urban Demography

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The Laboratory of Urban Demography (URBDEMO) at EPFL focuses on understanding the patterns of demographic change in cities from a comparative and multi-scale spatial perspective. They study the natural components of city growth, such as births and deaths, as well as the migration component, including within- and between-country movements of people. The research also delves into how demographic dynamics are influenced by and influence the characteristics of cities, socioeconomic development, environmental change, and urban planning. URBDEMO is committed to building research capacity in low- and middle-income countries and advising stakeholders on population issues. Their work is partly funded by the European Research Council within the Horizon 2020 program.

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Total fertility rate

The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that would be born to a female over their lifetime if: they were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through their lifetime they were to live from birth until the end of their reproductive life. It is obtained by summing the single-year age-specific rates at a given time. , the total fertility rate varied widely across the world, from 0.78 in South Korea to 6.73 in Niger.

Population decline

Population decline, also known as depopulation, is a reduction in a human population size. Over the long term, stretching from prehistory to the present, Earth's total human population has continued to grow; however, current projections suggest that this long-term trend of steady population growth may be coming to an end. Until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the global population grew very slowly, at about 0.04% per year. After about 1800, the growth rate accelerated to a peak of 2.

Fertility

Fertility is the ability to conceive a child. The fertility rate is the average number of children born during an individual's lifetime and is quantified demographically. Conversely, infertility is the difficulty or inability to reproduce naturally. In general, infertility is defined as not being able to conceive a child after one year (or longer) of unprotected sex. Infertility is widespread, with fertility specialists available all over the world to assist parents and couples who experience difficulties conceiving a baby.