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Radio-frequency engineering

Radio-frequency (RF) engineering is a subset of electronic engineering involving the application of transmission line, waveguide, antenna and electromagnetic field principles to the design and application of devices that produce or use signals within the radio band, the frequency range of about 20 kHz up to 300 GHz. It is incorporated into almost everything that transmits or receives a radio wave, which includes, but is not limited to, mobile phones, radios, WiFi, and two-way radios. RF engineering is a highly specialized field that typically includes the following areas of expertise: Design of antenna systems to provide radiative coverage of a specified geographical area by an electromagnetic field or to provide specified sensitivity to an electromagnetic field impinging on the antenna. Design of coupling and transmission line structures to transport RF energy without radiation. Application of circuit elements and transmission line structures in the design of oscillators, amplifiers, mixers, detectors, combiners, filters, impedance transforming networks and other devices. Verification and measurement of performance of radio frequency devices and systems. To produce quality results, the RF engineer needs to have an in-depth knowledge of mathematics, physics and general electronics theory as well as specialized training in areas such as wave propagation, impedance transformations, filters and microstrip printed circuit board design. Radio electronics is concerned with electronic circuits which receive or transmit radio signals. Typically, such circuits must operate at radio frequency and power levels, which imposes special constraints on their design. These constraints increase in their importance with higher frequencies. At microwave frequencies, the reactance of signal traces becomes a crucial part of the physical layout of the circuit.

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Catégories associées (168)

Concepts associés (85)

Cours associés (15)

Séances de cours associées (157)

MOOCs associés (7)

Personnes associées (25)

Publications associées (31)

Start-ups associées (1)

The Radio Sky II: Observational Radio Astronomy

This course covers the principles and practices of radio astronomical observations, in particular with modern interferometers. Topics range from radio telescope technology to the measurement equation

The Radio Sky I: Science and Observations

Be captivated by the exotic objects that populate the Radio Sky and gain a solid understanding of their physics and the fundamental techniques we use to observe them.

Plasma Physics: Introduction

Learn the basics of plasma, one of the fundamental states of matter, and the different types of models used to describe it, including fluid and kinetic.

EE-345: Radiation and antennas

Les antennes sont utilisées dans une multitude d'applications de communications et de détection, demandant des fréquences et propriétés d'antennes très différentes. Ce cours décrit la théorie de base

EE-548: Audio engineering

This lecture is oriented towards the study of audio engineering, with a special focus on room acoustics applications. The learning outcomes will be the techniques for microphones and loudspeaker desig

EE-442: Wireless receivers: algorithms and architectures

The students will learn about the basic principles of wireless communication systems, including transmission and modulation schemes as well as the basic components and algorithms of a wireless receive

SwissTo12

Active dans les composants rf, la technologie d'impression 3d et les applications aérospatiales. SWISSto12 est un pionnier dans les technologies de nouvelle génération de charge utile radiofréquence, fournissant des composants de pointe pour les applications aérospatiales et de télécommunications utilisant l'impression 3D innovante.

Inflight Microwave Drying Process of Micro-droplets for High Resolution 3D printing

Kwanghoon Choi

A new Additive-Manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing concept is proposed to improve the printing resolution for metal additive manufacturing in the frame of the SFA-AM project, Powder Focusing for Beam-Induced Laser 3D Printing. The project aims to transport small powder particles (largest diameter < 10 um) at a high throughput to a spot smaller than 20 µm. To realize the objective, a metal ion included liquid is suggested as a source medium similar to the inkjet process, and the droplet is employed as a container for the metal ion transport. The key challenges of achieving this goal are 1) droplet size control and 2) efficient microwave heating that can dry the liquid portion of the dynamic droplet at a high-speed (3 m/s). The most demanding part is the development of a miniaturized, very concentrated field density microwave resonator where the droplet is passing through. This follows from the extremely short interaction time between the microwave and the ejected droplets (research: 0.5 ms) which results from the requirement for a small system size for its integration. The primary medium examined for the experiment is water due to 1) a high dielectric loss proportional to the drying efficiency and 2) avoiding explosion risks at the laser sintering stage compared to organic solutions. Various droplet generation conditions were investigated to determine the optimum conditions for the custom droplet generator, in particular, two key parameters were focused on: frequency and flow rate. The droplets obtained were analyzed with respect to size, gap distance, and linearity affecting the uniformity of the AM process. Moreover, Navier-Stokes-based fluid dynamics simulations enabled understanding of droplets behaviors, especially break-up formation. Eventually, the optimal condition for producing the smallest droplets with a diameter of 100 µm is determined to be 15 kHz and 0.5 ml/min. Such droplets loaded with metallic particles could result in smaller than 20 um of remaining metal powders aggregate after the drying process.A new TEM (Transverse ElectroMagnetic) resonator has been developed for drying and sensing applications. A full-wave electromagnetic simulation software, CST Microwave Studio, supported the working mode of the device. Firstly, it is used for the dielectric characterizations of different water-ethanol mixtures contained in a micro capillary. The sensing relies on electric field perturbation due to the inserted sample, and is measured based on the change of both resonance frequency and Q-factor. These sample-dependent variations were analyzed to estimate the complex permittivity using different methods such as the Perturbation Method (PM), Least-Square Model (LSM), and Log-Linear Model (LLM). This work demonstrates that the proposed microwave module is capable of sensing nano-liter volume ranges even though the samples only partially influence the sensing area (error < 13 % in permittivity). In microwave heating, the developed resonator achieved a temperature increase of 28 K in the microwave exposal time of 0.5 ms when the microwave power of 45 W was applied. Finally, numerical models have been proposed to estimate the maximum temperature of the initial droplet before cooling starts attributable to heat and mass transfer. This model well corresponds to the microwave electromagnetic simulation resulting in similar temperature deviations. It helps to determine the net heating efficiency of the microwave device.

EPFL2022

Corona discharge actuator as an active sound absorber under normal and oblique incidence

Hervé Lissek, Stanislav Sergeev, Thomas Humbert

In the majority of active sound absorbing systems, a conventional electrodynamic loudspeaker is used as a controlled source. However, particular situations may require an actuator that is more resistant to harsh environments, adjustable in shape, and lighter. In this work, a plasma-based electroacoustic actuator operating on the atmospheric corona discharge principle is used to achieve sound absorption in real-time. Two control strategies are introduced and tested for both normal in the impedance tube and grazing incidence in the flow duct. The performance of plasma-based active absorber is competitive with conventional passive technologies in terms of effective absorption bandwidth and low-frequency operation, however, it presents some inherent limitations that are discussed. The study reveals that the corona discharge technology is suitable for active noise control in ducts while offering flexibility in design, compactness, and versatility of the absorption frequency range.

2022

A portable picocell antenna for 5G

Danelys Rodríguez Avila

Deployable emergency communication systems are a backbone solution for replacing damaged network infrastructures and/or providing high-end services in case of an emergency event. It is important that such systems are up-to-date with the latest mobile network technology, for enabling connectivity to users and profiting from its enhanced capabilities. The advent of 5G promises higher data rates, lower latencies and improved quality of services when compared to previous generations. To achieve that, mm-Waves have been identified as a key element due to the wide available spectrum. The implementation of deployable emergency communication systems compatible with 5G mm-Waves technologies, thus benefiting from its prospective advantages, is of great interest. This thesis focuses on 5G mm-Waves antenna design for this kind of applications. The high network capacity demand, the unfavourable channel conditions at mm-Waves and the still underdeveloped related radio frequency (RF) technology define a group of challenging requirements on the antenna design. While directive antennas are required to mitigate the attenuation with distance at these bands, omnidirectional coverage still needs to be provided. In addition, wide bandwidth operation, high efficiency, and low cost and power consumption are desired. In this context, antennas with multibeam forming capabilities have been widely acknowledged as a key enabling technology to support 5G wireless communications, representing an attractive solution to provide omnidirectional coverage while supporting Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) techniques. In this thesis, the design and implementation of a broadband efficient multibeam antenna for a portable picocell station are investigated. The picocell scenario in the context of emergency communications is studied and the antenna link budget is calculated considering mm-Waves propagation properties and available information on the upcoming standard. This leads to the definition of the design requirements and a preliminary antenna architecture that consists of an MxN antenna fed by a hybrid beamforming network (HBFN). This architecture is a promising approach for making multibeam antennas cost- and energy-efficient according to the latest research. The synthesis of the HBFN was realized considering the design constraints in elevation and azimuth such that the subarray, fed by an analog beamforming network, provides a csc2 pattern shape in elevation while M subarrays are controlled by a digital beamforming network to generate multiple orthogonal beams in azimuth. The antenna subarray was designed, fabricated and measured. Based on this, a study of the antenna array beamsteering capabilities in azimuth was carried out. After investigating the main parameters involved in improving its performance, the subarray design was optimized accordingly. The proposed antenna consists in a 12x6 array that works at 26 GHz with an impedance bandwidth higher than 12%. The radiation pattern shape in elevation is preserved over 7.3% of bandwidth. The antenna gain is superior to 10 dBi along the band of interest with a maximum value of 15 dBi. Simulated and measured results were compared, and the antenna beamsteering performance was tested for different sets of constraints indicating promising capabilities for a wide range of deployment scenarios. The proposed and validated design meets the requirements of the targeted applications on a practical low-profile implementation.

EPFL2021

Récepteur Rake

Un récepteur Rake est un récepteur radio permettant de contrer les phénomènes d'évanouissements dus aux trajets multiples (multipath fading en anglais). Il est constitué de plusieurs sous-récepteurs appelés "doigts". Chaque doigt est un corrélateur associé à une composante de propagation multi-trajets (ou multi-chemins), et décode indépendamment les composantes multi-trajets. La contribution de chacun des sous-récepteurs est ensuite recombinée afin de sommer de manière cohérente tous ces trajets multiples.

Scanner radio

Un scanner radio est un récepteur radio qui permet de balayer des fréquences radio. thumb|upright=0.7|écoute de la météo aéronautique sur l'ATIS de Paris Orly avec un récepteur scanner bande aéronautique. thumb|upright=0.7|écoute de la radiodiffusion avec un récepteur scanner. La plupart des récepteurs radio sont normalement fixés sur une seule fréquence. Toutefois, un récepteur peut être conçu pour balayer continuellement les différentes fréquences disponibles (dans un groupe ou une bande de fréquence) afin de permettre d'écouter un échange dont on ne sait pas - a priori - quelle fréquence il emploiera.

Interférence électromagnétique

start=06:49:05|vignette|300x300px|Enregistrement du débat de la Chambre des représentants des États-Unis le 8 octobre 2002, interrompu et déformé par des interférences électromagnétiques dues à une éruption solaire à environ 16h30. droite|vignette|300x300px| Interférence électromagnétique dans le signal TV analogique Une interférence électromagnétique ( IEM ou EMI ), également appelée interférence radioélectrique (RFI) lorsqu'elles se trouve dans le spectre des radiofréquences, est une perturbation (générée par une source externe) qui affecte un circuit électrique par induction électromagnétique, couplage électrostatique ou conduction.

Topics in radio-frequency engineering

Transmission sans fil

La transmission sans fil est un mode de communication à distance utilisant des ondes électromagnétiques modulées comme vecteur. Avec celles-ci, les distances peuvent être courtes , voire correspondre à des millions de kilomètres pour le réseau de communications avec l'espace lointain de la NASA. Dans le domaine grand-public, les applications les plus courantes des transmissions sans fil incluent les téléphones portables, les GPS, les souris et les claviers d’ordinateur, les réseaux Wi-Fi, les réseaux mobiles (les WAN sans fil), les casques audio, les récepteurs radio et la télévision numérique terrestre et par satellite.

Antenne radioélectrique

thumb|Antenne rideau HF de télécommunication. thumb|Antennes de réception de la télévision. thumb|Montage d'une antenne de station terrienne au Nicaragua. thumb|upright=1.8|Un diagramme animé d'une antenne dipôle recevant une onde radio. En radioélectricité, une antenne est un dispositif permettant de rayonner (émetteur) ou de capter (récepteur) les ondes électromagnétiques. L'antenne est un élément fondamental dans un système radioélectrique, et ses caractéristiques de rendement, gain, diagramme de rayonnement influencent directement les performances de qualité et de portée du système.

Le passage à Terahertz : l'efficacité énergétique dans les futurs réseaux sans fil

Explore la transition vers les fréquences térahertz et l'efficacité énergétique dans les futurs réseaux sans fil, en mettant l'accent sur l'évolution vers une communication durable et à grande vitesse.

Inspection des données: Données de visibilité et logiciel CASA MOOC: The Radio Sky II: Observational Radio Astronomy

Couvre l'inspection des données de visibilité et l'utilisation du logiciel CASA pour la radioastronomie.

Chauffage et entraînement actuel par vagues MOOC: Plasma Physics: Introduction

Explore l'utilisation d'ondes pour le chauffage et l'entraînement du courant dans les tokamaks, en mettant l'accent sur les ondes ICRH et LH, leurs mécanismes et leurs caractéristiques d'antenne.