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Concept
Cayor
Summary
Cayor (Kajoor; كاجور) was from 1549 to 1876 the largest and most powerful kingdom that split off from the Jolof Empire in what is now Senegal. Cayor was located in northern and central Senegal, southeast of Walo, west of the kingdom of Jolof, and north of Baol and the Kingdom of Sine.
Cayor (also spelled Kayor, Kadior, Cadior, Kadjoor, Nkadyur, Kadyoor, Encalhor, among others) comes from the Wolof endonym for the inhabitants "Waadyor" meaning "people of the arid lands." This distinguishes the people of Cayor from their neighbors, who to the present day refer to themselves by doubling the name of their native region (Waalo-Waalo, Saloum-Saloum e.g.).
In 1549, the damel (dammeel in Wolof, often translated into European languages as "king") Dece Fu Njogu became independent from Jolof and set Cayor's capital at Mboul.
During the Char Bouba War in the late 17th century, Damel Detye Maram was overthrown by an alliance between a lingeer and the marabouts of Cayor. When the new damel failed to follow Islam, however, he in turn was killed and the ruling class sought Saloum's support against drive out the marabouts. When the Islamic movement's leader Nasr al-Din was killed in battle in 1674, the old aristocracy reasserted themselves but had been weakened.
In 1693 the aristocracy, now threatened by the Buur of Saloum, appealed to the Teigne of neighboring Baol, Lat Sukaabe Fall for help. He took over Cayor and declared himself the Damel-Teigne, imposing the hegemony of his material line, the Geej, over the previously dominant Dorobe and Guelwaar. He also strengthened central power, coopted the marabouts with royal appointments, and frequently clashed with the French over their attempts to impose a trade monopoly on the kingdom.
In 1776, inspired by the rise of the Imamate of Futa Toro, the marabouts again rose up against Damel Amari Ngoone Ndela Kumba but were defeated and sold into slavery. Soon after, Almamy Abdul Kader invaded but was defeated at the battle of Bunxoy. Abdulkader was captured, but the damel soon released him.
Official source
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