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Concept
Intercom
Summary
An intercom, also called an intercommunication device, intercommunicator, or interphone, is a stand-alone voice communications system for use within a building, small collection of buildings or portably within a small coverage area, which functions independently of the public telephone network. Intercoms are generally mounted permanently in buildings and vehicles, but can also be detachable and portable. Intercoms can incorporate connections to public address loudspeaker systems, walkie talkies, telephones, and other intercom systems. Some intercom systems incorporate control of devices such as signal lights and door latches.
Intercoms are used on a wide variety of properties; from houses that only require one connection between a resident and the property's entrance to multi-unit apartments that require intercom hardware to be installed in every individual apartment. Some are equipped with video and its wiring (electrical installation) can be connected to the outside with a few pairs (4-6 pairs) while controlling an electric strike. The latest generations are even compatible with computers and some models include TCP/IP compatibility.
Traditional intercoms and public address systems are composed entirely of analogue electronics components but many new features and interfacing options can be accomplished with new intercom systems based on digital connections. Video signals can be carried as well as voice. Digital intercom stations can be connected using and can even use existing computer networks as a means of interfacing distant parties. Intercom cameras can be used in modern offices and hotels.
Many schools and office buildings now use audio / video systems to identify visitors trying to gain access to a locked building and can be interfaced with the building's access control system.
Besides fixed locations, intercom systems are used on many types of vehicles including trains, watercraft, aircraft and armoured fighting vehicles.
Portable intercoms are commonly used by special event production crews and professional sports teams.
Official source
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