Radiator

A radiator is a heat exchanger used to transfer thermal energy from one medium to another for the purpose of cooling and heating. The majority of radiators are constructed to function in cars, buildings, and electronics. A radiator is always a source of heat to its environment, although this may be for either the purpose of heating this environment, or for cooling the fluid or coolant supplied to it, as for automotive engine cooling and HVAC dry cooling towers. Despite the name, most radiators transfer the bulk of their heat via convection instead of thermal radiation. The Roman hypocaust is an early example of a type of radiator for building space heating. Franz San Galli, a Prussian-born Russian businessman living in St. Petersburg, is credited with inventing the heating radiator around 1855, having received a radiator patent in 1857, but American Joseph Nason developed a primitive radiator in 1841 and received a number of U.S. patents for hot water and steam heating. Heat transfer from a radiator occurs by two mechanisms: thermal radiation and convection into flowing air or liquid. Conduction is not normally a major source of heat transfer in radiators.. A radiator may even transfer heat by phase change, for example, drying a pair of socks. In practice, the term "radiator" refers to any of a number of devices in which a liquid circulates through exposed pipes (often with fins or other means of increasing surface area). The term "convector" refers to a class of devices in which the source of heat is not directly exposed. To increase the surface area available for heat exchange with the surroundings, a radiator will have multiple fins, in contact with the tube carrying liquid pumped through the radiator. Air (or other exterior fluid) in contact with the fins carries off heat. If air flow is obstructed by dirt or damage to the fins, that portion of the radiator is ineffective at heat transfer. Radiator (heating) Radiators are commonly used to heat buildings on the European continent.

X-point radiation, its control and an ELM suppressed radiating regime at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak

Marco Wischmeier, Bernhard Sieglin

Future fusion reactors require a safe, steady state divertor operation. The required detached operation is, in tokamaks with metal walls, usually achieved by seeding of impurities, such as nitrogen. With strong seeding levels, the dominant radiation is emi ...

IOP PUBLISHING LTD2021

Embedded Microchannel Cooling for High Power-Density GaN-on-Si Power Integrated Circuits

Elison de Nazareth Matioli, Remco Franciscus Peter van Erp, Luca Nela, Georgios Kampitsis, Reza Soleiman Zadeh Ardebili

In this work, we demonstrate a new thermal management approach for direct cooling of GaN-on-Si power integrated circuits (ICs), in which the Si substrate functions as a microfluidic heat sink, turning Si into a cost-effective, high thermal performance subs ...

IEEE2020

Systematic Method for the Energy-Saving Potential Calculation of Air Conditioning Systems via Data Mining. Part II: A Detailed Case Study

X-point radiation, its control and an ELM suppressed radiating regime at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak

Embedded Microchannel Cooling for High Power-Density GaN-on-Si Power Integrated Circuits

Systematic Method for the Energy-Saving Potential Calculation of Air Conditioning Systems via Data Mining. Part II: A Detailed Case Study

Embedded Microchannel Cooling for High Power-Density GaN-on-Si Power Integrated Circuits

X-point radiation, its control and an ELM suppressed radiating regime at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak