Concept

January 19

Summary
379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to Augustus, and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender after a forty-day siege led by Tang dynasty general Ashina She'er, establishing Tang control over the northern Tarim Basin in Xinjiang. 1419 – Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England, completing his reconquest of Normandy. 1511 – The Italian Duchy of Mirandola surrenders to the Pope. 1520 – Sten Sture the Younger, the Regent of Sweden, is mortally wounded at the Battle of Bogesund and dies on February 3. 1607 – San Agustin Church in Manila is officially completed; it is the oldest church still standing in the Philippines. 1639 – Hämeenlinna (Tavastehus) is granted privileges after it separated from the Vanaja parish as its own city in Tavastia. 1764 – John Wilkes is expelled from the British House of Commons for seditious libel. 1764 – Bolle Willum Luxdorph records in his diary that a mail bomb, possibly the world's first, has severely injured the Danish Colonel Poulsen, residing at Børglum Abbey. 1788 – The second group of ships of the First Fleet arrive at Botany Bay. 1795 – The Batavian Republic is proclaimed in the Netherlands, replacing the Dutch Republic. 1817 – An army of 5,423 soldiers, led by General José de San Martín, crosses the Andes from Argentina to liberate Chile and then Peru. 1829 – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust: The First Part of the Tragedy receives its premiere performance. 1839 – The British East India Company captures Aden. 1853 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera Il trovatore receives its premiere performance in Rome. 1861 – American Civil War: Georgia joins South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, and Alabama in declaring secession from the United States. 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Mill Springs: The Confederacy suffers its first significant defeat in the conflict. 1871 – Franco-Prussian War: In the Siege of Paris, Prussia wins the Battle of St. Quentin.
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