Dungan language

Dungan (ˈdʊŋɡɑːn or ˈdʌŋgən) is a Sinitic language spoken primarily in Kazakhstan, Russia and Kyrgyzstan by the Dungan people, an ethnic group related to the Hui people of China. Although it is derived from the Central Plains Mandarin of Gansu and Shaanxi, it is written in Cyrillic (or Xiao'erjing) and contains loanwords and archaisms not found in other modern varieties of Mandarin. The Dungan people of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan (with smaller groups living in other post-Soviet states) are the descendants of several groups of the Hui people that migrated to the region in the 1870s and the 1880s after the defeat of the Dungan revolt in Northwestern China. The Hui of Northwestern China (often referred to as "Dungans" or "Tungani" by the 19th-century western writers as well as by members of Turkic nationalities in China and Central Asia) would normally speak the same Mandarin dialect as the Han people in the same area (or in the area from which the particular Hui community had been resettled). At the same time, due to their unique history, their speech would be rich in Islamic or Islam-influenced terminology, based on loanwords from Arabic, Persian and Turkic languages, as well as translations of them into Chinese. The Hui traders in the bazaars would be able to use Arabic or Persian numbers when talking between themselves, to keep their communications secret from Han bystanders. While not constituting a separate language, these words, phrases and turns of speech, known as Huihui hua (回回話, "Hui speech"), served as markers of group identity. As early 20th century travellers in Northwestern China would note, "the Mohammedan Chinese have to some extent a vocabulary and always a style and manner of speech, all their own". As the Dungans in the Russian Empire — and even more so in the Soviet Union — were isolated from China, their language experienced significant influence from the Russian and the Turkic languages of their neighbors. In the Soviet Union, a written standard of the Dungan language was developed, based on a dialect of the Gansu Province, rather than the Beijing base of Standard Chinese.

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Dungan people

Dungan is a term used in territories of the former Soviet Union to refer to a group of Muslim people of Hui origin. Turkic-speaking peoples in Xinjiang Province in Northwestern China also sometimes refer to Hui Muslims as Dungans. In both China and the former Soviet republics where they reside, however, members of this ethnic group call themselves Hui because Dungans are descendants of historical Hui groups that migrated to Central Asia.

Arabic script

The Arabic script is the writing system used for Arabic and several other languages of Asia and Africa. It is the second-most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world (after the Latin alphabet), the second-most widely used writing system in the world by number of countries using it or a script directly derived from it, and the third-most by number of users (after the Latin and Chinese scripts). The script was first used to write texts in Arabic, most notably the Quran, the holy book of Islam.

Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia, lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir mountain ranges. Bishkek is the capital and largest city of the country. Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and China to the east and southeast. Ethnic Kyrgyz make up the majority of the country's seven million people, followed by significant minorities of Uzbeks and Russians. Kyrgyzstan's history spans a variety of cultures and empires.

Probiotics and Postbiotics in Food Biotechnology ENG-436: Food biotechnology

Covers probiotics, postbiotics, their benefits, and applications in food biotechnology, emphasizing collaboration among stakeholders.

Mechanical Behavior of Materials MSE-215: Mise en oeuvre des matériaux II

Explores large deformations, dislocations, grain boundaries, and material behavior under different conditions.

Advanced Physics I: Oscillations and Rotating Frames PHYS-100: Advanced physics I (mechanics)

Explores oscillations in rotating frames and motion on inclined planes and carousels.

Dans le projet « Richelieu. Histoire du quartier », de jeunes ingénieurs en humanités numériques et des historiens ont commencé à analyser les adresses du Bottin du commerce sur la période 1839-1922. La technique a permis d’identifier les informations correspondant à environ 200 000 adresses du quartier Richelieu. Une base géographique a été développée pour visualiser, aujourd'hui en 2D, toutes les occupations et les adresses sur une carte, ainsi que toutes les évolutions historiques du réseau routier et des bâtiments. C’est la première fois que toutes les adresses des Annuaires du Commerce sont massivement extraites grâce à des méthodologies de pointe dans les documents anciens.

2020

L'historien et l'algorithme

Frédéric Kaplan, Mélanie Suzanne Charlotte Fournier

Les relations houleuses qu’histoire et informatique entretiennent ne sont pas nouvelles et la révolution des sciences historiques annoncée depuis plusieurs décennies continue de se faire attendre. Dans ce chapitre, nous aimerions néanmoins tenter de montrer qu’une évolution inédite est aujourd’hui à l’oeuvre dans les sciences historiques et que cette transformation est différente de celle qui a caractérisé, il y a quelques décennies l’arrivée de la « cliométrie » et des méthodes quantitatives. Notre hypothèse est que nous assistons par les effets de deux processus complémentaires à une généralisation des algorithmes comme objets médiateurs de la connaissance historique.

FYP Editions2014

Thonon-les-Bains: réorganisation et développement du quartier de la gare (F)

Christophe Neyroud

L'arc lémanique fait face aujourd'hui à l'explosion des mobilités individuelles. Pour inverser la tendance, la métropole met l'accent sur les transports ferroviaires en développant un réseau RER franco-valdo-genevois qui irriguera l'ensemble du bassin. Cette opération permettra le désenclavement de la région du Chablais français et de sa capitale Thonon-les-Bains. L'arrivée du RER dans cette ville est le point de départ de la réorganisation et du développement du quartier de la gare, et plus généralement de l'ensemble du centre ville. Le cœur du projet se situe sur un terrain ferroviaire à l'arrière de la gare. Le premier objectif est de relier le centre ville à la place historique de Crête en créant une passerelle piétonne au-dessus des voies ferroviaires. Le second objectif est double. Il doit permettre de libérer le centre ville du trafic routier en déplaçant la gare routière derrière les voies ferrées tout en la liant à un parking P+R qui favorise l'échange entre les modes de transports privés et publics. Cette opération permet de libérer un important espace au centre ville. Il est utilisé d'une part pour la création d'une place publique généreuse et d'autre part pour la construction d'un ilot au programme mixte qui donne une nouvelle dynamique à cette partie de la ville. Le dernier objectif est de créer un pôle d'excellence sur le thème de l'eau qui pourra faire rayonner la ville et plus généralement l'agglomération Thonon-Evian-Publier à l'échelle métropolitaine.

2012