A prostatic stent is a stent used to keep open the male urethra and allow the passing of urine in cases of prostatic obstruction and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Prostatic obstruction is a common condition with a variety of causes. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common cause, but obstruction may also occur acutely after treatment for BPH such as transurethral needle ablation of the prostate (TUNA), transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT), prostate cancer or after radiation therapy.
There are two types of prostatic stent: temporary and permanent.
Although a permanent prostatic stent is not a medical treatment, it falls under the classification of a surgical procedure. Placement of a permanent prostatic stent is carried out as an outpatient treatment under local, topical or spinal anesthesia and usually takes about 15–30 minutes.
A temporary prostatic stent can be inserted in a similar manner to a Foley catheter, requiring only topical anesthesia.
They can be placed in less than 15 minutes under regional anesthesia.
Bleeding during and after surgery is minimal.
The patient can be discharged the same day.
They may cause increased urination and limited incontinence.
They may cause mild discomfort
They can become dislodged, leading to urinary obstruction or total incontinence.
They can become infected and can be very difficult to remove.
Their fixed diameter limits subsequent endoscopic surgical options.
They can be placed in less than 15 minutes in a manner similar to Foley catheter placement.
They can be easily removed, also in a manner similar to Foley catheter removal.
They allow the patient to retain volitional voiding.
Some patients prefer a temporary stent to Foley catheter use.
A temporary stent will not provide voiding function if the patient does not have a working bladder and external sphincter.
The stent may cause mild discomfort.
They may cause increased urinary frequency which usually subsides after the first 78 hours.
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In urology, a Foley catheter (named for Frederic Foley, who produced the original design in 1929) is a flexible tube that a clinician passes through the urethra and into the bladder to drain urine. It is the most common type of indwelling urinary catheter. The tube has two separated channels, or lumina (sg. lumen), running down its length. One lumen, open at both ends, drains urine into a collection bag. The other has a valve on the outside end and connects to a balloon at the inside tip.
Urinary retention is an inability to completely empty the bladder. Onset can be sudden or gradual. When of sudden onset, symptoms include an inability to urinate and lower abdominal pain. When of gradual onset, symptoms may include loss of bladder control, mild lower abdominal pain, and a weak urine stream. Those with long-term problems are at risk of urinary tract infections. Causes include blockage of the urethra, nerve problems, certain medications, and weak bladder muscles.
In urinary catheterization a latex, polyurethane, or silicone tube known as a urinary catheter is inserted into the bladder through the urethra to allow urine to drain from the bladder for collection. It may also be used to inject liquids used for treatment or diagnosis of bladder conditions. A clinician, often a nurse, usually performs the procedure, but self-catheterization is also possible. A catheter may be in place for long periods of time (indwelling catheter) or removed after each use (intermittent catheterization).
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