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Concept
Schengen Information System
Summary
The Schengen Information System (SIS) is a governmental database maintained by the European Commission. The SIS is used by 32 European countries to find information about individuals and entities for the purposes of national security, border control and law enforcement since 2001. A second technical version of this system, SIS II, went live on 9 April 2013. An upgraded Schengen Information System entered into operation on 7 March 2023.
Information in SIS is shared among the institutions of countries participating in the Schengen Agreement Application Convention (SAAC). The five original participating countries were France, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. Twenty-two additional countries joined the system since its creation: Spain, Portugal, Italy, Austria, Greece, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Estonia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Liechtenstein and Croatia. Among the current participants, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland are members of the European Free Trade Association but not of the European Union.
Although Ireland and the United Kingdom operate a Common Travel Area and had not signed the Schengen Agreement Application Convention while the UK was still an EU member, they had the right to take part in Schengen co-operation under the terms of the Treaty of Amsterdam, which introduced the provisions of Schengen acquis into European Union law. Schengen acquis allowed the United Kingdom and Ireland to take part in all or part of the Schengen convention arrangements. The UK ceased to have access at the end of a transition period on 31 December 2020; Ireland was connected to SIS II on 15 March 2021.
Since 1 August 2018, Bulgaria and Romania have full access to SIS; before that they had access to SIS only for law enforcement purposes. Cyprus joined SIS on 25 July 2023. Ireland joined the law enforcement aspect on 1 January 2021 and has "full operational capacity" since March 2021.
Official source
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