Culture of Vietnam

The culture of Vietnam (Văn hoá Việt Nam, chữ Hán: 文化越南) are the customs and traditions of the Kinh people and the other ethnic groups of Vietnam. Originating from the Red River Delta, ancient Vietnamese cultural artifacts, such as the Đông Sơn drums, were found throughout Southeast Asia and South China, suggesting a spread of ancient Viet (generalised term "Baiyue" i.e. "100 Yue") all the way south to Indonesia. Vietnamese culture had been influenced by Chinese culture due to the "1000 years of Northern Rule", where parts of northern Vietnam was ceded into various Chinese dynasties. During this period and until the 19th century, Classical Chinese (Hán văn) was the language used for formal writing. Between the 15th and 19th centuries, popular literature and folk songs were written in the Vietnamese language using a Vietnamese script (chữ Nôm) derived from Chinese characters (chữ Hán). Located in Southeast Asia, and in turn influenced by neighbouring Southeast Asian cultures, Vietnam is also considered a part of the Sinosphere due to significant historical influence of Chinese culture (historical use of Chữ Hán and Chữ Nôm writing) on Vietnamese culture. Following independence from China in the 10th century, Vietnam began a southward expansion ("Nam tiến") and annexed territories formerly belonging to Champa and Khmer, resulting in various influences, such as in cuisine, art, music onto Vietnamese culture. During the French colonial period, Catholicism, and a Latin script romanizing the Vietnamese language, the Vietnamese alphabet (chữ Quốc Ngữ), were introduced into Vietnam. The country had also undergone brief Japanese occupation from 1940-1945. Vietnam#Languages Vietnam is one of the most linguistic diverse countries in Southeast Asia. Although Vietnamese is set as the official language of Vietnam, there are currently more than 100 speaking languages in the country. They belong to five different major linguistic families: Austronesian, Austroasiatic, Hmong–Mien, Sino–Tibetan, and Kra–Dai.

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Lê dynasty

The Lê dynasty, also known in historiography as the Later Lê dynasty (Hậu Lê triều, chữ Hán: 後黎朝 or nhà Hậu Lê, chữ Nôm: 茹後黎), officially Great Việt (Đại Việt; Chữ Hán: 大越), was the longest-ruling Vietnamese dynasty, having ruled from 1428 to 1789, with an interregnum between 1527 and 1533.

Hanfu

Hanfu () are the traditional styles of clothing worn by the Han Chinese. There are several representative styles of hanfu, such as the ruqun (an upper-body garment with a long outer skirt), the aoqun (an upper-body garment with a long underskirt), the beizi and the shenyi, and the shanku (an upper-body garment with ku trousers). Traditionally, hanfu consists of a paofu robe, or a ru jacket worn as the upper garment with a qun skirt commonly worn as the lower garment.

Nam tiến

Nam tiến (nam tǐən; 南進; lit. "southward advance" or "march to the south") is a historiographical concept that describes the historic southward expansion of the territory of Vietnamese dynasties' dominions of Đại Việt from the 11th to the 19th centuries. The concept of Nam tiến has differing interpretations, with some equating it to Viet colonialism of the south and to a series of wars and conflicts between several Vietnamese kingdoms and Champa Kingdoms, which resulted in the annexation and Vietnamization of the former Cham states as well as indigenous territories.

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