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Concept
Culture of Vietnam
Summary
The culture of Vietnam (Văn hoá Việt Nam, chữ Hán: 文化越南) are the customs and traditions of the Kinh people and the other ethnic groups of Vietnam.
Originating from the Red River Delta, ancient Vietnamese cultural artifacts, such as the Đông Sơn drums, were found throughout Southeast Asia and South China, suggesting a spread of ancient Viet (generalised term "Baiyue" i.e. "100 Yue") all the way south to Indonesia.
Vietnamese culture had been influenced by Chinese culture due to the "1000 years of Northern Rule", where parts of northern Vietnam was ceded into various Chinese dynasties. During this period and until the 19th century, Classical Chinese (Hán văn) was the language used for formal writing. Between the 15th and 19th centuries, popular literature and folk songs were written in the Vietnamese language using a Vietnamese script (chữ Nôm) derived from Chinese characters (chữ Hán).
Located in Southeast Asia, and in turn influenced by neighbouring Southeast Asian cultures, Vietnam is also considered a part of the Sinosphere due to significant historical influence of Chinese culture (historical use of Chữ Hán and Chữ Nôm writing) on Vietnamese culture.
Following independence from China in the 10th century, Vietnam began a southward expansion ("Nam tiến") and annexed territories formerly belonging to Champa and Khmer, resulting in various influences, such as in cuisine, art, music onto Vietnamese culture. During the French colonial period, Catholicism, and a Latin script romanizing the Vietnamese language, the Vietnamese alphabet (chữ Quốc Ngữ), were introduced into Vietnam. The country had also undergone brief Japanese occupation from 1940-1945.
Vietnam#Languages
Vietnam is one of the most linguistic diverse countries in Southeast Asia. Although Vietnamese is set as the official language of Vietnam, there are currently more than 100 speaking languages in the country. They belong to five different major linguistic families: Austronesian, Austroasiatic, Hmong–Mien, Sino–Tibetan, and Kra–Dai.
Official source
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