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Concept
Ampicillin
Summary
Ampicillin is an antibiotic belonging to the aminopenicillin class of the penicillin family. The drug is used to prevent and treat a number of bacterial infections, such as respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, meningitis, salmonellosis, and endocarditis. It may also be used to prevent group B streptococcal infection in newborns. It is used by mouth, by injection into a muscle, or intravenously.
Common side effects include rash, nausea, and diarrhea. It should not be used in people who are allergic to penicillin. Serious side effects may include Clostridium difficile colitis or anaphylaxis. While usable in those with kidney problems, the dose may need to be decreased. Its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding appears to be generally safe.
Ampicillin was discovered in 1958 and came into commercial use in 1961. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. The World Health Organization classifies ampicillin as critically important for human medicine. It is available as a generic medication.
Bacterial meningitis; an aminoglycoside can be added to increase efficacy against gram-negative meningitis bacteria
Endocarditis by enterococcal strains (off-label use); often given with an aminoglycoside
Gastrointestinal infections caused by contaminated water or food (for example, by Salmonella)
Genito-urinary tract infections
Healthcare-associated infections that are related to infections from using urinary catheters and that are unresponsive to other medications
Otitis media (middle ear infection)
Prophylaxis (i.e. to prevent infection) in those who previously had rheumatic heart disease or are undergoing dental procedures, vaginal hysterectomies, or C-sections. It is also used in pregnant woman who are carriers of group B streptococci to prevent early-onset neonatal infections.
Respiratory infections, including bronchitis, pharyngitis
Sinusitis
Sepsis
Whooping cough, to prevent and treat secondary infections
Ampicillin used to also be used to treat gonorrhea, but there are now too many strains resistant to penicillins.
Official source
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