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Concept
Confusion
Summary
In medicine, confusion is the quality or state of being bewildered or unclear. The term "acute mental confusion" is often used interchangeably with delirium in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and the Medical Subject Headings publications to describe the pathology. These refer to the loss of orientation, or the ability to place oneself correctly in the world by time, location and personal identity. Mental confusion is sometimes accompanied by disordered consciousness (the loss of linear thinking) and memory loss (the inability to correctly recall previous events or learn new material).
The word confusion derives from the Latin word, confundo, which means "confuse, mix, blend, pour together, disorder, embroil."
Confusion may result from drug side effects or from a relatively sudden brain dysfunction. Acute confusion is often called delirium (or "acute confusional state"), although delirium often includes a much broader array of disorders than simple confusion. These disorders include the inability to focus attention; various impairments in awareness, and temporal or spatial dis-orientation. Mental confusion can result from chronic organic brain pathologies, such as dementia, as well.
Acute stress reaction
Alcoholism
Anemia
Anticholinergic toxicity
Anxiety
Brain damage
Brain tumor
Concussion
Dehydration
Encephalopathy
Epileptic seizure
Depression
Fatigue
Fever
Brain injury
Heat stroke
Hypoglycemia
Hypothermia
Hypothyroidism
Jet lag
Kidney failure
Kidney infection (pyelonephritis)
Lactic acidosis
Lassa fever
Lewy body dementia
Listeria
Lyme disease
Meningitis
Postpartum depression & Postpartum psychosis
Psychotic Disorder
Reye's syndrome
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)
Schizophrenia
Sick building syndrome
Sleep apnea
Stroke
Yellow fever
STDs & STIs
Streptococcal Infections
Toxicity
Toxic shock syndrome
Transient ischemic attack (TIA, Mini-Stroke)
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Acute Porphyria
West Nile virus
The most common causes of drug induced acute confusion are dopaminergic drugs (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease), diuretics, tricyclic, tetracyclic antidepressants and benzodiazepines or alcohol.
Official source
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