October 11

1138 – A massive earthquake strikes Aleppo; it is one of the most destructive earthquakes ever. 1142 – A peace treaty ends the Jin–Song wars. 1311 – The peerage and clergy restrict the authority of English kings with the Ordinances of 1311. 1614 – The New Netherland Company applies to the States General of the Netherlands for exclusive trading rights in what is now the northeastern United States. 1634 – The Burchardi flood kills around 15,000 in North Friesland, Denmark and Germany. 1649 – Cromwell's New Model Army sacks Wexford, killing over 2,000 Irish Confederate troops and 1,500 civilians. 1767 – Surveying for the Mason–Dixon line separating Maryland from Pennsylvania is completed. 1776 – American Revolution: A fleet of American boats on Lake Champlain is defeated by the Royal Navy, but delays the British advance until 1777. 1797 – The Royal Navy decisively defeats the Batavian Navy at Camperdown during the French Revolutionary Wars. 1811 – The Juliana begins operation as the first steam-powered ferry in New York harbor. 1840 – The Maronite leader Bashir Shihab II surrenders to the Ottoman Empire and later is sent to Malta in exile. 1852 – The University of Sydney, Australia's oldest university, is inaugurated in Sydney. 1862 – American Civil War: Confederate troops conduct a raid on Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. 1865 – Hundreds of black men and women march in Jamaica, starting the Morant Bay rebellion. 1890 – In Washington, D.C., the Daughters of the American Revolution is founded. 1899 – The Second Boer War erupts in South Africa between the British-ruled Cape Colony, and the Boer-ruled Transvaal and Orange Free State. 1906 – San Francisco sparks a diplomatic crisis between the United States and Japan by ordering segregated schools for Japanese students. 1910 – Piloted by Arch Hoxsey, Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first U.S. president to fly in an airplane. 1912 – First Balkan War: The day after the Battle of Sarantaporo, Greek troops liberate the city of Kozani. 1918 – The 7.1 San Fermín earthquake shakes Puerto Rico.