Concept

Runcinated tesseracts

Summary
In four-dimensional geometry, a runcinated tesseract (or runcinated 16-cell) is a convex uniform 4-polytope, being a runcination (a 3rd order truncation) of the regular tesseract. There are 4 variations of runcinations of the tesseract including with permutations truncations and cantellations. The runcinated tesseract or (small) disprismatotesseractihexadecachoron has 16 tetrahedra, 32 cubes, and 32 triangular prisms. Each vertex is shared by 4 cubes, 3 triangular prisms and one tetrahedron. The runcinated tesseract may be constructed by expanding the cells of a tesseract radially, and filling in the gaps with tetrahedra (vertex figures), cubes (face prisms), and triangular prisms (edge figure prisms). The same process applied to a 16-cell also yields the same figure. The Cartesian coordinates of the vertices of the runcinated tesseract with edge length 2 are all permutations of: Eight of the cubical cells are connected to the other 24 cubical cells via all 6 square faces. The other 24 cubical cells are connected to the former 8 cells via only two opposite square faces; the remaining 4 faces are connected to the triangular prisms. The triangular prisms are connected to the tetrahedra via their triangular faces. The runcinated tesseract can be dissected into 2 cubic cupolae and a rhombicuboctahedral prism between them. This dissection can be seen analogous to the 3D rhombicuboctahedron being dissected into two square cupola and a central octagonal prism. The cube-first orthographic projection of the runcinated tesseract into 3-dimensional space has a (small) rhombicuboctahedral envelope. The images of its cells are laid out within this envelope as follows: The nearest and farthest cube from the 4d viewpoint projects to a cubical volume in the center of the envelope. Six cuboidal volumes connect this central cube to the 6 axial square faces of the rhombicuboctahedron. These are the images of 12 of the cubical cells (each pair of cubes share an image). The 18 square faces of the envelope are the images of the other cubical cells.
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