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Concept
Anthelmintic
Summary
Anthelmintics or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them and without causing significant damage to the host. They may also be called vermifuges (those that stun) or vermicides (those that kill). Anthelmintics are used to treat people who are infected by helminths, a condition called helminthiasis. These drugs are also used to treat infected animals.
Pills containing anthelmintics are used in mass deworming campaigns of school-aged children in many developing countries. The drugs of choice for soil-transmitted helminths are mebendazole and albendazole; for schistosomiasis and tapeworms it is praziquantel.
Antiparasitics that specifically target worms of the genus Ascaris are called ascaricides.
Benzimidazoles:
Albendazole – effective against threadworms, roundworms, whipworms, tapeworms, hookworms
Mebendazole – effective against various nematodes
Thiabendazole – effective against various nematodes
Fenbendazole – effective against various parasites
Triclabendazole – effective against liver flukes
Flubendazole – effective against most intestinal parasites
Avermectins (including ivermectin) - effective against most common intestinal worms, except tapeworms, for which praziquantel is commonly used in conjunction for mass dewormings
Diethylcarbamazine – effective against Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, and Loa loa
Pyrantel pamoate – effective against most nematode infections residing within the intestines
Levamisole
Salicylanilide – mitochondrial un-couplers (used only for flatworm infections):
Niclosamide
Oxyclozanide
Nitazoxanide – readily kills Ascaris lumbricoides, and also possess antiprotozoal effects
Oxamniquine – effective against flatworms (e.g., tapeworms and schistosoma)
Praziquantel – effective against flatworms (e.g., tapeworms and schistosoma)
Octadepsipeptides (e.g.
Official source
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