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Concept
Mandibular nerve
Summary
In neuroanatomy, the mandibular nerve (V_3) is the largest of the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth cranial nerve (CN V). Unlike the other divisions of the trigeminal nerve (ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve) which contain only afferent fibers, the mandibular nerve contains both afferent and efferent fibers. These nerve fibers innervate structures of the lower jaw and face, such as the tongue, lower lip, and chin. The mandibular nerve also innervates the muscles of mastication.
The large sensory root of mandibular nerve emerges from the lateral part of the trigeminal ganglion and exits the cranial cavity through the foramen ovale. The motor root (Latin: radix motoria s. portio minor), the small motor root of the trigeminal nerve, passes under the trigeminal ganglion and through the foramen ovale to unite with the sensory root just outside the skull.
The mandibular nerve immediately passes between tensor veli palatini, which is medial, and lateral pterygoid, which is lateral, and gives off a meningeal branch (nervus spinosus) and the nerve to medial pterygoid from its medial side. The nerve then divides into a small anterior division and a large posterior division.
The mandibular nerve gives off the following branches:
From the main trunk (before the division):
meningeal branch (nervus spinosus) (sensory)
medial pterygoid nerve (motor)
From the anterior division:
masseteric nerve (mixed)
deep temporal nerves (mixed)
buccal nerve (sensory)
lateral pterygoid nerve (motor)
From the posterior division:
auriculotemporal nerve (sensory)
lingual nerve (sensory)
inferior alveolar nerve (mixed)
mental nerve (sensory)
mylohyoid nerve (motor)
Anterior Division
(Motor Innervation - Muscles of mastication)
Masseteric nerve
Masseter muscle
Medial pterygoid nerve
Medial pterygoid muscle
Tensor tympani msucle
Tensor veli palatini (via tensor veli palatini branch)
Lateral pterygoid nerve
Lateral pterygoid muscle
Deep temporal nerve
Temporalis muscle
(Sensory Innervation)
Buccal nerve
Inside of the cheek (buccal mucosa)
Nervous spinosus (sensory)
Posterior Division
Lingual Split
(general sensory innervation (not special sensory for taste))
Anterior 2/3 of Tongue (mucous membrane)
Inferior Alveolar Split
(Motor Innervation)
Mylohyoid
Digastric (Anterior Belly)
(Sensory Innervation)
Teeth and Mucoperiosteum of mandibular teeth
Chin and Lower Lip
Auriculotemporal Split
Scalp (auricula / temporal region)
File:Gray784.
Official source
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