Chromosome 4

Chromosome 4 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 4 spans more than 193 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 6 and 6.5 percent of the total DNA in cells. The chromosome is ~193 megabases in length. In a 2012 paper, 775 protein-encoding genes were identified on this chromosome. 211 (27.9%) of these coding sequences did not have any experimental evidence at the protein level, in 2012. 271 appear to be membrane proteins. 54 have been classified as cancer-associated proteins. The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 4. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes. Genes on human chromosome 4 The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 4. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right. The following are some of the diseases related to genes located on chromosome 4: Achondroplasia Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD-2) Bladder cancer Crouzonodermoskeletal syndrome Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome Ellis–Van Creveld syndrome Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) Haemophilia C Huntington's disease Hemolytic uremic syndrome Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis Hirschprung's disease Hypochondroplasia Methylmalonic acidemia Mucopolysaccharidosis type I Muenke syndrome Nonsyndromic deafness Nonsyndromic deafness, autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease Polycystic kidney disease Romano–Ward syndrome SADDAN Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency Thanatophoric dysplasia Type 1 Type 2 Wolfram syndrome Wo