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Chromosome 4

Chromosome 4 - Wikipedia
Chromosome 4 - Wikipedia

Chromosome 4 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 4 spans more than 193 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 6 and 6.5 percent of the total DNA in cells. The chromosome is ~193 megabases in length. In a 2012 paper, 775 protein-encoding genes were identified on this chromosome. 211 (27.9%) of these coding sequences did not have any experimental evidence at the protein level, in 2012. 271 appear to be membrane proteins. 54 have been classified as cancer-associated proteins. The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 4. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes. Genes on human chromosome 4 The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 4. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right. The following are some of the diseases related to genes located on chromosome 4: Achondroplasia Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD-2) Bladder cancer Crouzonodermoskeletal syndrome Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome Ellis–Van Creveld syndrome Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) Haemophilia C Huntington's disease Hemolytic uremic syndrome Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis Hirschprung's disease Hypochondroplasia Methylmalonic acidemia Mucopolysaccharidosis type I Muenke syndrome Nonsyndromic deafness Nonsyndromic deafness, autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease Polycystic kidney disease Romano–Ward syndrome SADDAN Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency Thanatophoric dysplasia Type 1 Type 2 Wolfram syndrome Wo

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Gene
In biology, the word gene (from γένος, génos; meaning generation or birth or gender) can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function.
Human genome
The human genome is a complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. These are usually treated separately as the nuclear genome and the mitochondrial genome. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA sequences and various types of DNA that does not encode proteins. The latter is a diverse category that includes DNA coding for non-translated RNA, such as that for ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, ribozymes, small nuclear RNAs, and several types of regulatory RNAs.
Huntington's disease
Huntington's disease (HD), also known as Huntington's chorea, is an incurable neurodegenerative disease that is mostly inherited. The earliest symptoms are often subtle problems with mood or mental/ psychiatric abilities. A general lack of coordination and an unsteady gait often follow. It is also a basal ganglia disease causing a hyperkinetic movement disorder known as chorea. As the disease advances, uncoordinated, involuntary body movements of chorea become more apparent.

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