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Concept
Iridaceae
Summary
Iridaceae (ɪrɪ'deɪsiˌaɪ,_-siːˌiː) is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises. It has a nearly global distribution, with 69 accepted genera with a total of c. 2500 species. It includes a number of economically important cultivated plants, such as species of Freesia, Gladiolus, and Crocus, as well as the crop saffron.
Members of this family are perennial plants, with a bulb, corm or rhizome. The plants grow erect, and have leaves that are generally grass-like, with a sharp central fold. Some examples of members of this family are the blue flag and yellow flag.
The family name comes from the genus Iris, the family's largest and best-known genus in Europe. This genus dates from 1753, when it was coined by Swedish botanist, Carl Linnaeus. Its name derives from the Greek goddess, Iris, who carried messages from Olympus to earth along a rainbow, whose colors were seen by Linnaeus in the multi-hued petals of many of the species.
Iradaceae is currently recognized as nested in the Asparagales order but was traditionally grouped with Liliales. Iradaceae was previously divided into four subfamilies but results from phylogenetic analysis suggested an additional three could be recognized. These differences in circumscription are a result of homoplastic traits, including asymmetric corms, woody corm covering, exclusion of the vascular trace during ovule development, and leaf margin. Molecular clock analyses have supported initial cladogenesis in Antarctica-Australasia 82mya from a Doryanthaceae ancestor. The distribution of subfamilies in Iradaceae is considered to be phylogenetically structured, with all neotropical species belonging to one subfamily, the Irdoideae.
Subfamily Crocoideae is one of the major subfamilies in the family Iridaceae. It contains many genera, including Afrocrocus, Babiana, Chasmanthe, Crocosmia, Crocus, Cyanixia, Devia, Dierama, Duthiastrum, Freesia, Geissorhiza, Gladiolus, Hesperantha, Ixia, Lapeirousia, Melasphaerula, Micranthus, Pillansia, Romulea, Sparaxis, Savannosiphon, Syringodea, Thereianthus, Tritonia, Tritoniopsis, Xenoscapa and Watsonia.
Official source
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