January 1 - The Kingdom of Italy establishes Eritrea as its colony in the Horn of Africa.
January 2
The steamship Persia is wrecked off Corsica; 130 lives are lost.
Alice Sanger becomes the first female staffer in the White House.
January 11 – 1890 British Ultimatum: The United Kingdom demands Portugal withdraw its forces from the land between the Portuguese colonies of Mozambique and Angola (most of present-day Zimbabwe and Zambia).
January 15 – Ballet The Sleeping Beauty, with music by Tchaikovsky, is premiered at the Imperial Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg, Russia.
January 25
The United Mine Workers of America is founded.
American journalist Nellie Bly completes her round-the-world journey in 72 days.
February 5 – The worldwide insurance and financial service brand Allianz is founded in Berlin, Germany.
February 9 – The Weather Bureau is established within the United States Department of Agriculture.
February 17 (possible date) – The British steamship Duburg is wrecked in the South China Sea; 400 lives are lost.
February 24 – Chicago is selected to host the Columbian Exposition.
March 1 - The British steamship Quetia founders in the Torres Straits; 124 lives are lost.
March 3 – The first American football game in Ohio State University history is played in Delaware, Ohio, against Ohio Wesleyan.
March 4 – The Forth Bridge, across the Firth of Forth in Scotland, is opened to rail traffic.
March 8 – North Dakota State University is founded in Fargo.
March 17 – The first railway in Transvaal, the Randtram, opens between Boksburg and Braamfontein in Johannesburg.
March 20 – Kaiser Wilhelm II dismisses Otto von Bismarck.
March 27
March 1890 middle Mississippi Valley tornado outbreak: 24 significant tornadoes are spawned by one system, killing at least 146 people.
Preston North End retain the English Football League Championship, winning their final game at Notts County
March 28 – Washington State University is founded in Pullman.
April 2 – Kashihara Shrine, a landmark spot in Nara Prefecture, Japan, is officially built by Emperor Mutsuhito (Emperor of Meiji).
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AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city. 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is recognized in Antioch and makes it his capital. 711 – Umayyad conquest of Hispania: Battle of Guadalete: Umayyad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by King Roderic. 939 – Battle of Simancas: King Ramiro II of León defeats the Moorish army under Caliph Abd-al-Rahman III near the city of Simancas.
477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army. 387 BC – Roman-Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, leading to the subsequent sacking of Rome. 362 – Roman–Persian Wars: Emperor Julian arrives at Antioch with a Roman expeditionary force (60,000 men) and stays there for nine months to launch a campaign against the Persian Empire. 452 – Sack of Aquileia: After an earlier defeat on the Catalaunian Plains, Attila lays siege to the metropolis of Aquileia and eventually destroys it.
250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. 1156 – Finnish peasant Lalli kills English clergyman Henry, the Bishop of Turku, on the ice of Lake Köyliö. 1265 – The first English parliament to include not only Lords but also representatives of the major towns holds its first meeting in the Palace of Westminster, now commonly known as the "Houses of Parliament".