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Concept
Bagratuni dynasty
Summary
The Bagratuni or Bagratid dynasty (Բագրատունի, bagɾatuni) was an Armenian royal dynasty which ruled the medieval Kingdom of Armenia from c. 885 until 1045. Originating as vassals of the Kingdom of Armenia of antiquity, they rose to become the most prominent Armenian noble family during the period of Arab rule in Armenia, eventually establishing their own independent kingdom. Their domain included regions of Armenia such as Shirak, Bagrevand, Kogovit, Syunik, Lori, Vaspurakan, Vanand and Taron. Many historians, such as Cyril Toumanoff, Nicholas Adontz and Ronald Suny, consider them to be the progenitors of the Georgian royal Bagrationi dynasty.
Origin of the Bagratid dynasties
The name "Bagratuni" derives from Bagarat, a Parthian variant of the Old Iranian name Bagadata ("God-given"). Historian Cyril Toumanoff speculated that a general of King Tigranes II of Armenia (95-55 BCE) named Bagadates may have been the earliest known member of the Bagratuni family, which first emerged as nakharars—members of the hereditary nobility of Armenia—in the early 4th century. The Arshakuni (Arsacid) dynasty, which ruled Armenia from 52 to 428, granted the family heritable rights. The first Bagratuni prince identified by Toumanoff, Smbat I, lived at the time of the Armenian conversion to Christianity (314). Starting with Smbat, the Bagratunis held the hereditary titles of aspet, meaning "Master of the Horse" or the commander of the cavalry (although this appears to have been purely ceremonial and not an actual military command), and tagadir, which indicated their privilege of crowning Arshakuni kings upon their accession to the throne. Their domain included the region of Sper in the Çoruh River valley of Upper Armenia, which was famous for its gold and silver, and Tayk. The medieval Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi claimed they had an ancestor, Smbat, who came to Armenia from Judea in 6th century BCE, but modern historians regard this as an invention to give a biblical origin to the family.
Official source
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